Main Parts of Wind Turbines & It’s Function

Main Parts of Wind Turbines & It’s Function

Horizontal axis wind turbines are commonly used for generating electricity offshore.  (Haliade-150, with a capacity of 6 MW and diameter of 150 m) during installation. Fig. shows a schematic of a horizontal axis wind turbine. In simple terms, the wind exerts forces on the blades (lift and drag) and turns the rotor. A low-speed shaft is connected to the rotor. The gearbox transmits the power (rotation and torque) of the low-speed shaft to a high-speed shaft that spins a generator. Functions of the individual components of a wind turbine are explained briefly as follows:

 

Anemometer: Used to measure the wind speed. The collected data are transmitted to the controller unit, for instance, to stop the wind turbine at very high speeds (e.g. during hurricanes).

Blades: Harvest the wind energy. Wind exerts forces (lift and drag) on the blades, causing the rotor to spin.

Brake: Stops the rotor in case of emergency.

Controller: Starts the wind turbine at cut-in speeds (generally around 3.5 m/s) and shuts off the turbine at very high wind speeds (over 25 m/s, cut-outspeed) to protect the device.

Gearbox: Transmits the power (torque times angular speed) from the low-speed shaft to the high-speed shaft. The rotational speed required for a turbine is very high (≈1000 rpm) compared with the rotational speed of the rotor (≈20 rpm).

Generator: Produces the AC electricity.

High-speed shaft: Transmits the power from the gearbox to the generator, and rotates/drives the generator.

 Low-speed shaft: Transmits the power from the rotor to the gearbox.

Nacelle: Houses the generating components of a wind turbine including the gearbox, generator, controller, and brake.

Pitch system: Adjusts the angle of attack of wind by turning the blades. The rotational speed and the generated power can be controlled/optimized by the pitch system. The pitch system can stop the turbine from rotating at cut-in or cut-out speeds.

Rotor: Consists of blades and the hub.

Tower: Supports the wind turbine. Towers are mainly built using conical tubular steel.

 Wind direction: Upwind wind turbines (shown in Fig.) face into the wind, whilst downwind turbines face away from the wind.

Yaw drive: Aligns the turbines towards the wind. This keeps the wind turbine facing the wind when the wind direction changes for upwind turbines.

 

Scroll to Top

Discover more from Tejas Nikumbh

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading